Sultanahmet, the historic heart of Istanbul, is a treasure trove of ancient architecture, rich culture, and vibrant history. As the former epicenter of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires, Sultanahmet is home to some of the most iconic landmarks in Turkey. This guide will take you through the must-visit places in this fascinating district, offering you a detailed exploration of its wonders.
1. Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya)
The Hagia Sophia, an architectural marvel, stands as a testament to Istanbul’s storied past. Originally built as a cathedral by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in 537 AD, it was later converted into a mosque by the Ottomans in 1453. Today, it functions as a museum, showcasing stunning mosaics, grand domes, and a blend of Christian and Islamic art.
Highlights:
- The majestic central dome, which was the largest in the world for nearly a thousand years.
- Beautiful Byzantine mosaics depicting religious scenes and figures.
- The Mihrab, Minbar, and Sultan’s Lodge added during its time as a mosque.
2. Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmed Mosque)
Directly opposite the Hagia Sophia stands the Blue Mosque, named for the stunning blue Iznik tiles that adorn its interior. Commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I in the early 17th century, this mosque remains an active place of worship while also being a major tourist attraction.
Highlights:
- The six minarets, a unique feature among Ottoman mosques.
- The grand prayer hall with over 20,000 handmade ceramic tiles.
- The serene courtyard and central fountain.
3. Topkapi Palace
Topkapi Palace served as the primary residence of Ottoman sultans for nearly 400 years. This sprawling complex offers a glimpse into the opulent lifestyle of the Ottoman rulers, with its lavish courtyards, ornate chambers, and a treasure trove of historical artifacts.
Highlights:
- The Imperial Harem, where the sultan’s family resided.
- The Treasury, housing the famous Topkapi Dagger and Spoonmaker’s Diamond.
- The Sacred Relics, including items believed to belong to the Prophet Muhammad.
4. Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Sarnıcı)
The Basilica Cistern, an underground marvel, was constructed in the 6th century to store water for the Great Palace of Constantinople. This atmospheric site, with its forest of columns and softly lit pathways, offers a mysterious and cool retreat from the bustling city above.
Highlights:
- The Medusa heads, repurposed column bases with intricate carvings.
- The vast, echoing chamber supported by 336 columns.
- The tranquil and reflective waters that fill the cistern.
5. Hippodrome of Constantinople
Once the social and sporting center of Byzantine life, the Hippodrome was a grand arena for chariot races, political events, and public gatherings. Though much of the original structure has been lost, several key monuments remain.
Highlights:
- The Obelisk of Theodosius, an ancient Egyptian obelisk transported to Constantinople.
- The Serpent Column, originally from the Temple of Apollo at Delphi.
- The German Fountain, a gift from Kaiser Wilhelm II.
6. Grand Bazaar (Kapalıçarşı)
One of the largest and oldest covered markets in the world, the Grand Bazaar is a labyrinthine network of over 4,000 shops. Here, you can find everything from exquisite jewelry and textiles to spices and antiques.
Highlights:
- The historic architecture and beautifully decorated arches.
- The diverse array of goods and the vibrant atmosphere.
- The chance to experience traditional Turkish bargaining.
7. Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts
Housed in the former palace of Ibrahim Pasha, this museum offers a rich collection of Islamic calligraphy, tiles, rugs, and ethnographic exhibits. It’s an excellent place to delve into the artistic and cultural heritage of the region.
Highlights:
- The extensive collection of antique carpets.
- Islamic calligraphy and manuscript exhibits.
- The beautiful Ottoman-era building itself.
8. Little Hagia Sophia (Küçük Ayasofya)
A lesser-known gem, the Little Hagia Sophia was originally built as a church by Justinian I before being converted into a mosque. It offers a more intimate experience compared to its larger counterpart, with intricate designs and a peaceful atmosphere.
Highlights:
- The charming blend of Byzantine and Ottoman architectural styles.
- The serene garden surrounding the mosque.
- The detailed mosaics and frescoes.
9. Archaeological Museums of Istanbul
This complex of three museums houses a vast collection of artifacts from Turkey and the surrounding regions. It’s a must-visit for history enthusiasts wanting to explore the rich tapestry of civilizations that have influenced Istanbul.
Highlights:
- The Alexander Sarcophagus and other impressive burial relics.
- The Museum of the Ancient Orient and its collection of artifacts from the ancient Near East.
- The Tiled Kiosk, showcasing beautiful Seljuk-era ceramics.
10. Gülhane Park
Once the outer garden of Topkapi Palace, Gülhane Park is now a public park offering a green retreat with stunning views of the Bosphorus. It’s an ideal spot for a leisurely stroll or a picnic.
Highlights:
- The tree-lined avenues and well-maintained gardens.
- The scenic views of the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn.
- The Museum of the History of Science and Technology in Islam, located within the park.